According to the Wikipedia “Media is the collective communication tools that are used to deliver information or data. And information is stimuli that have meaning in some context for its receiver. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data”

   What if there’s no newspaper, television, or even internet what happens to the world? The people will be nothing because he didn’t know about the happenings. People nowadays reading newspaper, watching television or surf in the internet to collect information and influenced individuals over the passing of time. Media has a big role in the society as it influences the daily lives of an individual. Media has been playing an important role in forming our personality, enriching our background knowledge, and providing us with information of any kind.

     In the touch of the screen on your cellphone, click of the mouse in the computer, we interact with people around the world, watch live stream, communication tour friends and families, we can do whatever you can do, you can post your feelings, emotions, etc. or post pictures in the Facebook, twitter, and Instagram. We can buy things in the internet. And also we can easily collect information, idea or data to the happenings in our surroundings.

   Empowerment of people thorough Media and Information Literacy (MIL) is an important prerequisite for fostering equitable access to information and knowledge and promoting free, independent and pluralistic media and information systems. But there’s positive and negative of media, for example there’s educational program of television that can be watched by the children, so it good to watch to children because they learn, another example is the news, because we all know what happen in our surroundings. And the negative side if we abuse use the internet like giving false report of the news, another is the tv commercial that encourage to buy that product, we don’t know that if that is good for our body or not because they focus on the income.

   Me as a user we all have a responsibility in using of the power of media and information first of all is to apply the proper etiquettes when using these things. We also know what good and bad. Never be involved of the cyber crime act law it is a big sin. Our curiosity can kill us, so think before you click. And for phishing, never ever put your information in the internet because it would because your identity will be taken, or your account would be control of others. If you are careless of what you are doing your life will be in peril. And for sharing in information we all know about responsibility and limitation.

Media Languages – are codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience

CODES

Codes – are systems of signs that when put together create meaning * Semiotics – study of signs

Types of Codes:  SYMBOLIC CODES  WRITTEN CODES  TECHNICAL CODES SYMBOLIC CODES – show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc. ) or iconic symbols that are easily understood

WRITTEN CODES – use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc. )

TECHNICAL CODES – Are ways in which equipment is used to tell the story – This includes sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting as well as camera techniques, framing, depth of field, lighting, exposure and juxtaposition.

Camera Shots
EXTREME LONG SHOT – Also called extreme wide shots such as a large crowd scene or a view of scenery as far as the horizon
LONG SHOT – a view of a situation or setting from a distance
MEDIUM LONG SHOT – shows a group of people in interaction with each other, example: fight scene with part of their surroundings in the picture
FULL SHOT – a view of a figure’s entire body in order to show action and/or a constellation group of characters
MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT – shows a subject down to his/her chest/waist
CLOSE UP SHOT – a full-screen shot of a subject’s face showing the finest nuances of expression
EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT – a shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or any object in details

In Conclusion:

Codes are systems of signs, which create meaning. Codes can be divided into two categories – technical and symbolic.

Technical codes are all the ways in which equipment is used to tell the story in a media text, for example the camera work in a film.

Symbolic codes show what is beneath the surface of what we see. For example, a character’s actions show you how the character is feeling.

Some codes fit both categories – music for example, is both technical and symbolic.

Conventions are the generally accepted ways of doing something. There are general conventions in any medium, such as the use of interviewee quotes in a print article, but conventions are also genre specific.

• Know codes, conventions and messages
• Differentiate audience, producers, and other stakeholders in media and information languages

The Web allows you to access most types of information on the Internet through a browser. One of the main features of the Web is the ability to quickly link to other related information. The Web contains information beyond plain text, including sounds, images, and video.

The important thing to do when using information on the Internet is to know how to evaluate it!

• To find current information
• To find information about companies
• To find information from all levels of government – federal to local
• To find both expert and popular opinions
• To find information about hobbies and personal interests

Books cover virtually any topic, fact or fiction. For research purposes, you will probably be looking for books that synthesize all the information on one topic to support a particular argument or thesis.

Libraries organize and store their book collections on shelves called “stacks.”

• When looking for lots of information on a topic
• To put your topic in context with other important issues
• To find historical information
• To find summaries of research to support an argument

A library catalog is an organized and searchable collection of records of every item in a library and can be found on the library home page. The catalog will point you to the location of a particular source, or group of sources, that the library owns on your topic.

A magazine is a collection of articles and images about diverse topics of popular interest and current events. Usually these articles are written by journalists or scholars and are geared toward the average adult. Magazines may cover very “serious” material, but to find consistent scholarly information, you should use journals.

A journal is a collection of articles usually written by scholars in an academic or professional field. An editorial board reviews articles to decide whether they should be accepted. Articles in journals can cover very specific topics or narrow fields of research.

Encyclopedias are collections of short, factual entries often written by different contributors who are knowledgeable about the topic.

There are two types of encyclopedias: general and subject. General encyclopedias provide concise overviews on a wide variety of topics. Subject encyclopedias contain in-depth entries focusing on one field of study.

What is Law? Law is a set of universally accepted rules, accepted and enforced within a certain territory or entity. It is also the
principles and regulations established in a community by some authority. While the Ethics is the moral obligation of knowing what is right and wrong that guides people to choose what is just. 

ETHICS VS. LAW

Intellectual Property is anything that a person creates, designs, or invents that can be treated as an asset or physical property. Asset is part of a Intellectual Property. According to Investopedia, Asset is a resource with economic value that an individual, corporation or country owns or controls with the expectation that it will provide a future benefit. 

RIGHTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OWNER

1. Copyright is the exclusive legal right of an IP owner to reproduce, sell, or distribute a material that he/she has created

KEY PRINCIPLES OF COPYRIGHT

1. Exclusivity is the quality of being limited to people.
2. No formalities for establishment is the ownership of copyright starts from the time of creation and does not require any formal registration.
3. Contractual Freedom is the righteous holders can define their own terms and conditions in cases of reproduction.
4. Remuneration is to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense.
5. Territoriality is an area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.

PROOF OF ORIGINALITY

1. Depositing a copy of work with his/her lawyer/s or in a depository.
2. Sending a copy of work to himself/herself by post, leaving the envelope unopened so that the date stamp and the unopened work could establish the date of the work’s existence.
   
3. Making a declaration before a Commissioner of Oaths, stating the facts of ownership and the date of creation.

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A copyright owner may use the symbol to simply notify that his/her work is copyrighted.

Public Domain refers to work that are not covered by intellectual property rights due to expiration or forfeiture of rights. 

2. Trademark is a name, word, slogan, symbol, among others, that identifies a product or organization.

EXAMPLES OF SYMBOL

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EXAMPLE OF SLOGAN

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3. Patent is a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.

INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Infringement is the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement; VIOLATION

PLAGIARISM AND PIRACY

According to University of Oxford, Plagiarism  presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement.

According to Techopedia, Piracy is the unauthorized distribution, theft, reproduction, copying, performance, storage, sale or other use of intellectual property (IP) protected under copyright law. It is a form of copyright infringement.

5 GENERAL TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

1. Cut and Paste
2. Word- Switch
3. Style
4. Metaphor
5. Idea

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFENDER

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According to Thesaurus, Print media medium that disseminates printed matter.

• Books is the oldest print media. It starts on 3500 BCE. The book refers to the pages of the paper that the inventor wants to fill. It also refers to the novel, myth, legends and etc.
• According to Meriam Webster, Newspapers (1600s) is a paper that is printed and distributed usually daily or weekly and that contains news, articles of opinion, features, and advertising and it’s appeared in Germany, France and Belgium. * *
• Journal is the publication consulted by expert and it refers to the specific study. *
• Magazine starts (1731) according to Meriam Webster, it is a print periodical containing miscellaneous pieces (such as articles, stories, poems) and often illustrated Broadcast Media commonly used in television and radio. It has a waves or signal.

New Media refers to the digital media. It is a two-way communication. Media convergence is the result of internet and of media content digitization, rounding up the 3 C’s the computing, communication, and content into one.

Information is the ideas, knowledge, details, facts, and data. It is a set of abilities that enables an individual to recognize when information is needed.

The Hierarchy of Information Literacy

• First is the data it refers to the text.
• Second is the information
• Third is the knowledge that refers to the facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.

The Elements of Information

1. The information needs
2. Sources of information
3. Access to the information
4. Evaluate information
5. Organize information
6. Ethics and responsibility of use
7. Communicate and share information.

The Ethical Use of Information

1. Privacy
2. Accuracy
3. Common knowledge
4. Plagiarism
5. Quotation
6. Paraphrase.

The Evolution of Media is one of the most boring introduction or part because it is so too long to teach to the students. In our society, Young people don’t read newspapers anymore, the visit online sites. Do you agree that? Traditonal media turns to new media because everyone of us used the internet or the online sites. Marshall McLuhan is an expert and he defines Technological Determinism.

• According to him Technological Determinism is a theory that believes technology is a steering factor in how a society develops its structure and values. This various technologies can cause social change and it is the results in a multitude of complex political economic and social changes.
• 5 Epochs or Ages of Media
• The tribal age

-The tribal age is the face to face oral communication. It refers also to acoustic Era/Acoustic Space which an organic and integral perceived through the simultaneous interplay of all the senses. It was the primary medium because they used an oral communication and speech. It’s dependent on auditory senses and ear was the key organ because hearing is more valuable than seeing. In this era, spoken word was emotionally laden than the written. According to McLuhan, Tribal people are dependent on spoken word for information which led them to organize themselves into group that work harmoniously.

• Age of literacy

– Age of Literacy is the turning sounds into visible objects radically altered the symbolic environment, suddenly, the eye became the heir apparent. Human beings learned to read and write. Words created dualism between sight and sound. The people put into civilized private attachment. It requires a single focus while proximity became less important. Rational or Pictorial Age is the uniform, sequential, continuous, and creates a closed print age. Guternberg press or movable type is the first paper that the people used to.

• Print age

– The print media that they used are books an papers. It has a sense of homogeneity. It consists of dominance of visual space and logical thinking. It is called also the Industrial Age because they are the same used of gathering information.

• Electronic age

– In the Electronic Age, they used transistor, electronic circuits and mainframe computers. It is dominant. They retribalized people by restoring their sensory balance. The force that turned the planed into a global village.

• Information age

-And lastly the Information Age are the products and services that provide information or entertainment using computers or the internet, it is the digitization of information, they transforms end users of media being mere receivers of messages into senders who are also able to create content themselves.